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Suggestive Exercises in 

Paper and Cardboard Construction 


By the same Author 

Basketry, Clay and 
Paper Weaving. Part 

I of Educative Handwork 
Manuals . San Francisco; 
Fhe Whitaker & Ray Co. 

A Bibliography of the 
Manual Arts. Chicago; 
A. Flanagan Co. 
Technical Education in 
Germany. Syracuse; 
C. W. Bardeen. 



EDUCATIVE HANDWORK MANUALS—PART II 


P aper and cardboard construc= 

TION for THIRD and FOURTH GRADES 

By ARTHUR HENRY CHAMBERLAIN, A. M. 
DEAN AND PROFESSOR OF EDUCATION 
THROOP POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE 
and IDA MELLISH, ELLA V. DOBBS 


SECOND EDITION 



W&t MllfiitahEt & IRap Company 

(incorporated) 

PUBLISHERS 

SAN FRANCISCO 


1900 





' t y*° 


LIBRARY of CONGRESS 
Two Copies Received 


JAN 25 1906 



!3<o ? /V 

COPY B. 


■C+£ 


Copyright iqoi 
by 

Arthur Henry Chamberlain 


Copyright /qoj 
by 

Arthur Henry Chamberlain 


" Q 

<■ ft 





PREFACE.* 


Leipzig, Germany, Nov. 27, 1900. 

Everywhere in the old and the new world, people are trying 
to better the processes of education and the methods of instruc¬ 
tion, especially to supplant the mechanical word and memory 
system of old by a more rational method, based on observation 
and thought of concrete things. 

In this we are simply working out the ideas put forward by 
Comenius, Rousseau and Pestalozzi, when they demanded that 
all instruction should be based on observation. 

In a similar sense Frederick Froebel recognized the natural 
relation existing between the child’s desire for expression and 
the education so essential to his development. This theory, 
which is based on the natural tendencies and desires of the 
child and which perceives education as a development by means 
of concrete perception and activity, leads us necessarily to the 
furthering of the manual training idea. 

What we have for a long time past offered to our girls (in 
Germany), a training of the eye and of the hand, which pre¬ 
pares them for the practical work of life,—that we would also 
extend to our boys. 

In placing the tool in the boy’s hand we not only train the 
latter, but the eye as well, which learns to observe and meas¬ 
ure. As failure in the work attempted gives occasion for use 
of energy and will power and furthers their growth, and a per¬ 
ceptible success increases the pleasure in and love for the work, 
so is this training a true means for character building. 


*Translation. 



Preface 


“ Train the eye, exercise the hand, and firm becomes the will, 
clear the intellect.” So reads the motto of the Leipzig School 
workshop which was founded twenty years ago in the halls of 
the historic Thomas Gymnasium, and where in the course of 
years many teachers have received education in manual train¬ 
ing. This old saying is placed above the entrance to the new 
Manual Training Seminar which nobly arises in Scharnhorst 
Strasse in Leipzig. 

Through this portal the author of the present work, my 
revered friend, has many times entered, while in Leipzig, 
studying the methods of our German manual training instruc¬ 
tion. The models which his skilled hand constructed in our 
courses and have gone with him far west, will be a reminder to 
him of days oif toil, not however without pleasure, which he 
passed in our circle. 

The mutual endeavor, however, which at that time inspired 
us and which we still know as common to us, formed the bond 
that ties us together in spite of intervening lands and seas. I 
am pleased then to fulfill the wish of my friend to give a few 
accompanying words to his work on its road to success. 

May the book assist to the end that many educators will take 
hold of the matter of manual training and further it for the 
good of the youth. 

Dr. A. Pabst, 

Director of the Seminar for Manual Training in Leipzig. 


6 


AUTHOR’S PREFACE. 


The purpose of this Manual as indicated in the title is sug¬ 
gestive only. Paper and cardboard are not the only materials 
that can be profitably used for manual work in the third and 
fourth grades, neither is the course here outlined the only 
course. The object has been to place the work before teachers 
in such a way as to result in the greatest good to the classes 
who use it. 

Let it be said, however, that while the course is suggestive 
and that paper and cardboard are only two of a long list of 
materials that may be given pupils in the third and fourth 
grades, still the course is most explicit in what it seeks to 
accomplish. The models here shown are the result of from 
one to five years’ experience with them. Not only have the 
models been used with classes of children, but with normal 
students as well. 

Such types have been chosen as will appeal to the pupil’s 
interest and are useful in the home or the school. 

It will be noted that rectilinear forms and the curved line 
have each a place in the make-up of the models. 

In the selection of the models, care has been taken to pre ¬ 
serve a sequence in progression, not for sequence sake, but from 
the standpoint of the development of the child. The simple 
form, with dimensions in full inches, is followed by more com¬ 
plex forms introducing the various fractions, half, fourth, 
eighth, etc., at intervals. 

In many instances choice is given, in the introduction of the 
“ alternative ” model, to be used at the discretion of the teacher 
and the wish of the . pupil. The pupil himself should be en- 


7 


Author's Preface 


couraged, from time to time, to invent a model covering the 
points desired, and this may be made instead of the regular 
course model. 

Generally speaking it will be found best to have the drawing 
of each model precede its construction. 

It will also be noted that paste is not used in the early part 
of the course, but is reserved till such time as the pupil has a 
knowledge of processes and manipulation of hand and tool, so 
as to enable him to work without great danger of soiling his 
models. 

The author is deeply indebted to his friend, Dr. A. Pabst, 
Director of the Manual Training College of Leipzig, Germany, 
who has so willingly given of his time in the preparing of the 
preface. Dr. Pabst is probably the best authority on manual 
lines in Germany to-day. 

Mention should also be made of the assistance given by Miss 
Ida Mellish, who has actually worked out many of the models 
with the pupils in the class-room and has prepared the perspec¬ 
tive views here given, and to Miss Ella V. Dobbs for ideas and 
suggestions that have proven of much value in preparing the 
course. 

Part I. of this series is designed for use in the primary 
grades, and deals with reed and raffia in basketry, and with 
clay modeling and paper weaving. 

A. H. C. 

Throop Polytechnic Institute, 

February, 1906. 


8 


OPPORTUNITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF PAPER 
AND CARDBOARD IN THE SCHOOL 

In laying out the limitations and opportunities of paper and 
cardboard construction, we must have an eye, not merely to the 
practices in common vogue, but to such additional processes as 
would be considered rational.. To this end permit me to preface 
this chapter with a statement regarding the genesis and 
development, as school helps, of the materials we are discussing. 

One of two somewhat distinct movements from which our 
present-day practices have sprung had a beginning nearly as far 
back as the inception of the handwork idea. In Germany, in 
France, in Sweden, paper materials have been quite widely 
used in the schools. Taking the German schools as illustrating 
best these practices, we find that the objects made classified 
themselves mainly under two heads: first, such objects as 
assisted in the illustrating of mechanical or physical prin¬ 
ciples, and second, the making of type-forms, developed 
in some instances in such manner as to lend themselves to the 
mathematical work and serve also as drawing lessons, involving 
not only the constructional drawing, but representation or 
freehand sketching, when the object was completed. Finally, 
out of this latter type-form work developed the idea of 
producing useful articles from the cardboard stuffs. The type 
objects referred to took the form of cubes, cylinders, cones, 
pyramids, many-sided polygons, and the like. 

" The other movement, namely, the kindergarten practice, has 
been such that work with paper' has, since the time of Froebel, 
had a place in the lower school. Here such processes have been 
carried on as folding, to produce flat, geometrical forms; 


9 


Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


cutting of paper, both geometrical and free; pasting of forms 
folded or cut so as to produce units or running designs, as 
borders and the like. The weaving of paper into mats, the 
making of chains and various other fancy, decorative forms, 
have, from time to time, occupied no small place with the work 
of many schools. 

It is, then, these two thoughts which have given impetus and 
direction to the paper and cardboard study in our schools today. 
From the type-form idea and following down through the 
so-called German courses, we have only recently attempted 
work of a modified and simplified character, dealing chiefly 
with lighter-weight materials than formerly. As opportunity 
in no small degree grows out of necessity, we shall find at the 
bottom the same argument for giving cardboard work as we 
shall for placing wood, metal or other material before the child. 
Specifically speaking, the opportunities vary from grade to 
grade, or with the development of the pupils. 

One of the first questions confronting those who seek to place 
paper and cardboard construction in the grades is,—can a 
course in these materials be worked out so as to be applicable 
to pupils of the third and fourth grades? Some attention has 
been given paper work in the early years and cardboard 
manipulation has, in a few instances, found a place in the upper 
grades, but in nearly every case the work has been, and is, of 
such a character as to be of little value educationally and of 
practically no assistance to the other branches of study. The 
models were much too difficult to be made in a fairly satisfac¬ 
tory manner by the pupils, and little differentiation in variety 
of model and in mode of construction was offered. 

Investigation and experiment will show that the difficult 
thing is to base the work on lines that are sufficiently simple 
in character. The models must not be beyond the ability of 
the pupils. 


io 


Paper and Card Board Construction 

The question of simplicity settled, the next step is to deter¬ 
mine the order of presentation. Not only must the model be 
one to sufficiently tax the power of the pupil, it must be a right 
model. On what basis has it been selected? From the stand¬ 
point of utility; its aesthetic value; cost of materials, or connec¬ 
tion with other lines of school work? If any one of these rea¬ 
sons has alone prompted the arranging of the course it will be 
of slight value educationally. If all of them have had a share 
in determining the forms to be used, the work should prove 
beneficial. 

Generally the model to be made must be presented in the light 
of the drawing upon which it is based. That is, the pupil should 
be able to execute and understand the drawing of the model, as 
well as to make the model. The drawing of the model should 
generally precede its construction, and should be made from the 
model itself (the teacher’s model) or from dictation, or both. 
The drawing entire should seldom if ever be placed upon the 
blackboard, only as the pupil follows step by step. Working 
from the blackboard is likely to lead to purely copy work, 
without thought. 

Paper in whatever form is easily obtainable and compar¬ 
atively cheap. The matter of expense plays no inconsiderable 
part in our consideration of the subject, especially in some 
instances where the work is being introduced. This fact is 
clearly appreciated when the public-school problem with its 
thousands of pupils is under discussion. From the standpoint 
of expense, then, paper offers some attractions. If properly 
handled, there is very little waste. Again, these materials are 
comparatively easy of manipulation. With young pupils such 
weights may be used as shall not tax their physical abilities, 
while with older students materials offering much greater 
resistance may be utilized. 

Paper and cardboard are capable of being put to a varietv 


ii 


Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


of uses in the making of useful articles. Some of these have 
already been indicated. In addition, pupils may produce such 
objects as letter holders, picture frames, boxes and trays, napkin 
rings, book covers, whole or partial pieces of apparatus, or, in 
the lower grades, dwellings, furniture, utensils, implements, 
and the like can be made. This last statement serves to point 
out the possibilities of illustrative material in the primary 
school. The character of paper and cardboard renders it clean 
and tidy, and hence applicable for use in any school-room or at 
home. It may be manipulated, also, in a greater or less degree, 
by any grade teacher. 

In the use of these materials the graphic art has a strong 
place. Objects must be thought out, planned and designed, thus 
bringing in the constructional side of drawing as well as the 
free sketching. Through the study of form, of ornamental 
design, a feeling for the artistic is developed. Color blending 
and harmony, so essential and attractive to young pupils, is 
largely assisted through the selection and arrangement of 
materials. 

That paper and cardboard construction as a valuable means 
of expression aids in giving a clearer understanding of 
other subjects there is no question. The drawing is enriched. 
Not only the free-hand work, but the mechanical processes as 
well. Geometrical problems are learned in their simplicity. In 
form study, conceptions of space and extent are appreciated. 
Not only is the aesthetic sense trained through the selection of 
colors, but in a study of the form, dimensions, and proportions 
of the model as well. Problems in number are continually 
brought in, and many fine examples in distance, area, cubical 
contents, etc., may be worked out. 

On the other hand, the limitations of the work are many and 
varied. The materials in question, owing to their very nature, 
are circumscribed in their usefulness as school helps'. While 


12 


Paper and Card Board Construction 

a large variety of objects can be made, these are produced at 
the expense of reducing the number of exercises or manipula¬ 
tions to a minimum. No great number or differentiation of 
processes of construction is possible. This must of necessity 
be so, owing to the small number and the character of the tools 
used. Not that it is essential in handwork to have a vast array 
of tools for use, but limiting work in this direction has its 
drawbacks. It must, of course, be realized that the fact of the 
tools being few and simple, offers some advantages in favor of 
the work. 

Certain processes, demanding considerable difficulty in 
manipulation, afford at the same time little opportunity for the 
development of physical power. Indeed, we find many processes 
attempted by young pupils much more difficult of accomplish¬ 
ment than those being performed at the woodworking bench 
in the higher grades. So, too, there is danger of attempting 
processes where the actual manipulation or construction can be 
easily accomplished, but the designing of the thing—the draw¬ 
ing and development of the object—cannot be fully understood. 
In many instances too much repetition is likely to result from 
the work, this of course owing to the nature of the material and 
to the character of the tools used. 

In the first and second grades the folding, cutting and 
pasting, should as formerly have a place, but to my mind a less 
important one. Weaving with paper need not be so prominent 
since we have other and more natural media for this purpose. 
Folding of flat forms to produce geometrical shapes—square, 
oblong, etc., cutting and pasting of designs; color blending; 
free cutting from manila or detail papers of forms such as 
animals, natural objects, fruits, dolls’ clothing, pictures, and 
the like: cutting, folding, and pasting to produce play or doll 
houses, furniture—chairs, tables, cradle; making of envelopes, 
valentines, boxes, tags for labels; these are some of the ways 
in which the work may be carried on in the lower grades. 


Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part 11 


In the second year more difficult pieces of furniture can be 
constructed from heavy manila paper, and light-weight cover 
stock may in some cases be used to produce special individual 
projects for use at home or at school—wall pockets, cornu¬ 
copias, clock-faces, note paper covers, calendar backs, seed 
envelopes, weather charts and flags, wind gauges, etc. It will 
be seen then that the field offered in these grades is mainly that 
of illustration or representation, such processes being given 
attention as will assist in the social phases of the child’s 
existence. 

The opportunities are greater and the limitations are less 
when dealing with third and fourth grades, than elsewhere in 
school, perhaps. Here we have an extended field for the making 
of typical objects of beauty and of use. The pupils can deal 
with the more substantial cover papers and the light-weight 
bristol boards or tag stocks, while the age and ability of the 
boys and girls here represented would, for the most part, 
prohibit them from engaging in some of the more heroic 
hand-work processes. In these grades, also, the work may be 
illustrative when opportunity offers; house construction, parts 
of utensils, small apparatus and machines for nature study, and 
in schools where a somewhat varied equipment is found, a 
variety of objects may be made. Cutting, mounting and filing 
of pictures for class use, trays for specimens, boxes for the 
pupils’ belongings at home and at school, picture frames of 
various forms and decoration, napkin rings, calendar backs and 
supports, memorandum and program cards, portfolios for 
school exercises, envelopes, note book covers, handkerchief 
cases, etc, etc, these are some of the multiplicity of objects 
that offer themselves and afford almost endless variety in 
design. Here there is a constant opportunity for the studv 
of color-blending in the selection of material; for representation 
through drawings; for appreciation of the artistic in form and 
proportion, and in the conservation of material. 

14 


Paper and Card Board Construction 


In grades above the fourth, the work may be an advance 
upon that already spoken of. In addition, heavier cover and 
bristol stocks and rice, straw, and pulp boards of various 
weights can be introduced. The rice or straw boards are 
perhaps better suited to some work than is the pulp board, as 
they do not soil readily. These materials are quite substantial, 
many objects constructed from them serving their purpose as 
fully as though made from wood. Here again, simple and 
cheap apparatus to connect with the natural-science work and 
mathematics can be designed and made. Useful and artistic 
objects if presenting a dull and uninteresting surface, may be 
covered with lithograph, embossed, or fancy paper, and a 
finished effect produced. In the selection of these papers, 
which are of a variety of designs, a considerable degree of taste 
is developed. Heavier and more serviceable articles, some of 
them of the same nature as those made in previous grades may 
be mentioned—picture and mirror frames; boxes with hinged 
covers and permanent fastenings, for paper and envelopes, 
gloves, etc., note and text book covers; bill, letter and picture 
files, scrap books, card cases, portfolios for drawings, written 
exercises, and photographs. This work will lead on to elemen¬ 
tary book-binding, which I shall not touch upon here. 

In summing up the points covered let me say that we must 
consider relative values not only, when thinking of the limita¬ 
tions of this work, but of the particular conditions surrounding 
the individual school. Much of the work that might be sug¬ 
gested in paper and cardboard could well be omitted if 
equipment for other forms of work were available. Pupils, 
however, enjoy the subject, and boys and girls alike are deeply 
interested where it has the proper handling. 

I have not touched upon the methods of fastening, as much 
latitude is possible here, adding greatly to the value. Pasting 
by means of laps, etc.; sewing with thread or yarn ; punching 


15 


Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


holes with an awl, or with a punch, and using such materials 
for tying as flosses, rope linens, cord, silks, ribbon, braid; 
fastening by means of slits and tongues; these are some of the 
methods that may be employed. 

There is considerable diversity of opinion as to what 
materials are best suited to the work in any particular grade; 
the use of paste in the lower grades; what tools are necessary 
for heavy work; where triangle, knife and scissors should be 
handled; these, and many additional questions touching equip¬ 
ment, methods, and cost, are constantly arising. A brief word 
on these points may be of some value. 

Folding or cover papers, or other materials purchased locally 
at retail from the stationer, will, of course, cost much more 
than when procured direct from the wholesaler or manufac¬ 
turer. Royal Melton, Roman, or Princess cover papers, or 
others of like character, may be had in quantities at i cent to 2 
cents per sheet. The bristol board, in all colors, may be had 
at about the same price. In the upper grades, where a heavy 
board is to be used, the pulp board is preferable to the rice, or 
straw, or other heavy boards, if the surface is to be covered, as 
the pulp board, being more porous and less tightly pressed than 
the others, absorbs the paste more readily. This stock comes in 
sizes 22 x 28 inches, and frequently larger. It should be ordered 
by number 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, etc.—the number in each 
instance indicating the number of sheets to the 100 pounds; 60 
answers for purposes where a medium weight is necessary, 
while 50 and 80 serve well for heavy and light work respec¬ 
tively. 

When convenient, hot glue is excellent for heavy work. 
Flake glue, broken fine and placed in a glue-pot with a little 
water, may be prepared, and kept over a gas jet or bunsen 
burner, ready for use. If this is impracticable, paste will be 
found to answer all purposes. 


16 


Paper and Card Board Construction 

In the lower grades, say up to and including the first half 
of the fourth grade, the scissors should be used for cutting. In 
these grades also a 12-inch rule, with bevel and brass edge 
should be in the hands of each pupil. The brass edge rule will 
also answer for the work in upper grades where heavy material 
is used, affording a straight edge for knife cuts. From the 
third grade up it is well to have several 5-inch or 6-inch 
triangles at the disposal of each class. If one triangle only is 
purchased, perhaps it is best to have the 45°-9°°> as the right 
angle is not only frequently brought into play, but the 45 0 
angle as well, as the bi-section of the right angle is easily 
understood. 

For work in heavy papers one knife for two pupils will be 
sufficient. Some form of knife with short, stout blade, similar 
to the Henckels’ Solingen, made for this purpose, is best. Pieces 
of sheet zinc, say 12 x 18 inches, with corners rounded, will cost 
about 15 cents each. These offer a good cutting surface, and 
when the steel of the blade is of good quality, do not readily 
dull the knife. A conductor’s punch, for general use, will cost 
25 cents. I11 the upper grades eyelets may sometimes be used, 
and a suitable punch and eyelet set and box of eyelets will cost 
$1.00. Bone folders (similar to bone letter openers) are useful 
in sharpening up edges and in pasting. 

Economy in both time and expense will result from the 
purchase of a card cutter, such as is used by stationers and 
printers. The prices range according to size. A cutter with 
12 or 14-inch blade or larger would be preferable. A frame 
for holding scissors or knives, so they may be carried readily 
from room to room, or school to school, is made from 3-inch 
stock (white pine or poplar), 8 x 12 inches. Holes bored to 
admit scissors or knife points, and a handle of leather or metal 
completes the arrangement. A suitable desk cover (where zinc 
is not used) is made of y 2 -inch wood, 10 x 18 inches. A second 


17 


Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


piece, y 2 x iy 2 x 18 inches, is fastened under the front edge of 
the cover as a cleat, and helps to keep the cover in place on the 
desk. 

My strongest conviction is that paper and cardboard have 
much of value in schools where as yet no permanent place is 
given hand-work; it serves as a wedge for the admission of 
more extensive things. Its cheapness and simplicity are coupled 
with the fact that the regular grade teacher may, with a little 
definite instruction, so acquaint herself with the necessary 
processes, as to formulate her own ideas. From the real, vital, 
social side of our problem we find opportunities throughout the 
grades, for illustration and connection, in the study of peoples, 
customs, and the like; occupations, industries, manufacture, 
the arts, trade, etc. Finally, in this as in all else the opportu¬ 
nities and limitations are determined largely by the manner in 
which the work is carried on. Proper teaching here as else¬ 
where is a determining factor. A broad outlook and a right 
presentation will lead to unknown possibilities, while narrow 
or careless teaching tends to reduce the value and intensity 
of the work. 


18 


GENERAL DIRECTIONS 


TOOLS 

Scissors; bevel edge rule with brass edge; 6"-45° triangle; 
hard lead-pencil,—3 H. In addition, for general use, a small 
conductors’ punch should be procured. If eyelets are used, a 
punch and eyelet set and box of eyelets should be at hand. 

PAPER 

The models in this course may all be made from cover paper 
or bristol-board. The cover papers are of various qualities, in 
all colors, and can be easily creased and folded. The “ Royal 
Melton ” cover is a good paper for the work. “Roman Cover ” 
is also good. 

When a thin cardboard is desired, bristol-board will be 
found to meet all requirements. It can be had in all colors, 
22"x 28". 

For flat work the tag board will answer all purposes. 

PASTE 

Library paste or photo mounter in jars or bottles in handy 
form may be had. This paste also comes in tubes of small and 
large size. 

Paste made from flour is much cheaper and is quite as good, 
if not superior, to that on the market. Mix a quantity of flour 
(sifted) with sufficient cold water to mold nicely; see that no 
lumps remain. This may be done by running the paste 
through the hand. Place upon stove and pour in boiling water, 
stirring at the same time. When the paste is of the proper 


19 


Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


thickness remove the mixture without allowing it to boil. 
Add a few drops oil of cloves to give pleasant odor. To pre¬ 
vent the paste from spoiling add one grain of bichloride of 
mercury—mercuric chloride (HgCl 2 ). Stir well. HgCl 2 is a 
poison, hence care should be exercised when stirring in. 
When mixed, however, there is not sufficient strength for 
danger. 

The paste may be kept nicely in the small glass jars with 
screwed tops that are purchased with library paste. Each pupil 
should be provided with a jar, and the covers should be on when 
the paste is not in use. 

The small brushes that come with the* library paste are very 
cheap and handy. They should be kept in water when not in 
use. 

When pasting one piece upon or over another, a cloth should 
not be used. Place a piece of newspaper over the work and 
rub the hand back and forth. No wrinkles will occur. 

CUTTING 

Five-inch scissors of good quality are desirable. The cut 
should begin near the joint, and should be long, extending to 
within a short distance of the point. A cut the entire length 
of the blade will leave a torn place or “notch.” Short, jerky 
cuts, however, lead to poor results. 


SCORING AND FOLDING 

Scoring (cutting half through) may be done with a knife if 
desired. The scissor point, however, will answer. In soft, pli¬ 
able material a scratch is all that is necessary. When dealing 
with bristol-board the cut must be made of sufficient depth to 
allow of folding without roughing the paper back from the 


20 


Paper and Card Board Construction 

edge. The paper should be folded away from the cut by plac¬ 
ing the metal edge of the rule on the light folding line, and 
placing the hand under the paper and drawing it up toward the 
rule. 

TIE-STUFFS 

For sewing and tying, rope linens, silks and flosses may be 
obtained. Designs in stitches and knots should be worked out 
by the pupil. Cord, such as is used for tying packages in the 
drug store, may be obtained in several colors and at nominal 
cost. 


DRAWING 

In order that the work may lead up logically in every way 
to the bench or tool work that may follow, the same system in 
drawing, as to lines, etc., is used as would be in wood work. 
The full, heavy, cutting or margin line ” 

Light, scoring or folding line- 

Dotted or- construction line------ 

Dot and dash or dimension line- 

Wherever possible the figures for dimensions read from the 
bottom of the drawing. In so doing, the drawing need not 
be turned. 


21 


















































































■ 

































































































































































LIST OF MODELS 


PAGE 

1 Rule . 27 

2 Right Triangle . 28 

3 Blotting Pad . 29 

4 Circle Maker . 

5 Shipping Tag . 3! 

6 Yarn Winder . 32 

7 Note Book . 34 

8 Calendar { . 35 

9 Pen Wiper . 3g 

10 Perpendicular Tray . 40 

11 Handkerchief Case . 42 

12a Needle Case . 44 

12b Needle Case . 46 

13a Slanting Tray . 48 

13b Triangular Tray . 50 

14 Circular Photo Frame . 52 

15 Courtplaster Case . 54 

16a Scalloped Tray . 36 

16b Scalloped Tray . 38 

17 Button Box . 60 

18a Letter Case . 62 

18b Letter Case .;. 64 

19a Picture Frame . 66 

19b Picture Frame . 68 

20 Bon Bon Box . 70 

21 Match Strike . 72 

22 Handkerchief Box . 74 

23 Book Mark . 76 

24 Match Box . 78 

25 Hexagonal Tray . 80 

26a Envelope . 82 

26b Envelope . 84 


































List of Models 


PAGE 

27 Easel Frame . 86 

28 Portfolio . 88 

29 Pocket Note Book . 90 

30 Book Mark . 92 

31 Handled Basket . 94 

32a Square Box and Cover . 96 

32b Triangular Box and Cover . 98 

33 Magazine Covers . 100 

34 Octagonal Box . 102 

35 Twine Holder . 104 

36a Pencil Vase . 106 

36b Fancy Box . 108 

37 Card Receiver . no 

38 Post Card Box . 112 

39 Match Bracket . 114 

40 Hexagonal Box and Cover . 118 

41 Work Basket (alternative for 34 or 40). 120 

42 Cubical Change Box . 122 

43 Woven Basket . 124 

44 Sliding Box . I2 6 

45 Fan . I2 8 

46 Pentagonal Box . 130 

47 Triple Frame . 

48 Cylindrical Box . X34 


24 


























PAPER AND CARD BOARD 
CONSTRUCTION 















































































































































Paper and Card Board Construction 


No. 1 RULE 

MATERIAL tag board —3" x 7" 

CONSTRUCTION—Place board with long edges parallel 
to front edge of desk. 

Draw heavy lines parallel to lower edge and short distance 
from it. 

Mark off 6" on this line and use 90° triangle to erect perpen¬ 
dicular at each end of line. 

Mark off 1" on each perpendicular and connect points. 

Draw lines 1" apart, parallel to short sides of rectangle and 
place figures 1 to 6 as shown in drawing. 

Cut out with scissors. 



27 














Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 2 RIGHT TRIANGLE 

MATERIAL— tag board 

CONSTRUCTION—Draw horizontal line 5" long. 

Erect dotted perpendicular line at left, and full line at right 
end of horizontal line. 

Mark off 5" on each perpendicular and complete square. 
Draw diagonal (full line) from upper right to lower left- 
hand corner. 

Cut out on full lines. 



28 



















Paper and Card Board Construction 


No. 3 


BLOTTING PAD 


MATERIAL- 


COVER PAPER, 
BLOTTING PAPER 


CONSTRUCTION—Rectangle 3" x 6" in cover paper. 

Same in blotting paper. Cut out. Sew as indicated 
through both pieces, a short distance from end and 1" from 
upper and lower edges. 


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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 4 CIRCLE MAKER 

MATERIAL — tag board 

CONSTRUCTION—Draw rectangle i" x 6" as in No. i. 

Place points on i" lines midway of their length (estimate 
distance) and connect by dotted line. Mark off i" spaces on 
this line. Beginning at left, make pin hole in first point and 
punch holes with small punch in other points. Cut out. 


«-- 0 -o-o-o 


<f_ 




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Paper and Card Board Construction 


No. 5 SHIPPING TAG 

MATERIAL — tag board 

CONSTRUCTION—Rectangle 2" x 4". 

Mark off y 2 " each way from lower left and upper left hand 
corners as shown. 

Connect points by full lines. 

Connect points on upper and lower lines by dotted line and 
find center. 

Punch hole. 

Cut out on full lines. 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 6 YARN WINDER 

Square 3" x 3". 

Divide into 1" squares. 

Middle points of each side of center square. 

Connect by heavy oblique lines with corners of outer squares. 
Outer sides of corner squares heavy. 

Cut out. 


32 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 7 


NOTE BOOK 


MATERIAL- 


COVER PAPER, 
SCRATCH PAPER 


CONSTRUCTION — Rectangle in cover paper 6" x 9". 
Cut out. 


Find centers of long edges and connect by light line. With 
scissors point, score on this line using rule as guide. Fold on 
this line. Cut several pieces scratch paper 5" x 8". Find 
centers of long edges. Score and fold. Sew. 


34 


Paper and Card Board Construction 


S "- i 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 8 CALENDAR 

MATERIAL — cover paper 

CONSTRUCTION—Rectangle 3" x 5". Cut out. Find mid¬ 
dle points of lower edges and draw light line. 

Score and fold. 

Sew at fold. 

Sew on calendar as shown. 



36 





















Paper and Card Board Construction 



37 























Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 9 


PEN WIPER 


MATERIAL- 


COVER PAPER, 

FLANNEL OR OLD KID GLOVES 


CONSTRUCTION—Describe circle with Ij4" radius. Cut 
out (two pieces). Several pieces of flannel somewhat smaller 
than covers, place between covers and punch two holes near 
edge of covers as shown. Tie. 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 10 PERPENDICULAR TRAY 

MATERIAL — cover paper. 

CONSTRUCTION—Draw square 6"x6". Small square 
inside first 4" x 4", using light lines. Draw heavy lines for 
corners as shown and cut out. Score light lines and fold. Sew 
corners. 




Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 11 HANDKERCHIEF CASE 

Square 9" x 9". Find center of each side. Connect by 
light lines forming inner square. Cut out. Punch holes in 
two sides. Score and fold on light lines. Tie. 



42 


































Paper and Card Board Construction 




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4-2 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 12a NEEDLE CASE 

Horizontal line 4" long. Find center and erect perpendicu¬ 
lar, indefinite length, dotted line, using triangle. Find point 
on perpendicular 4" from left and right ends of horizontal, by 
actual trial with rule. Complete triangle. Cut out in dupli¬ 
cate. (Triangle may be constructed by using compass and 
describing arcs of 4" radii and intersecting as shown.) Cut 
several pieces of flannel, punch holes, and tie. 


44 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 12b NEEDLE CASE 

Dotted triangle—Equilateral—3^2". 

Find centers of sides. 

Draw free hand curves as shown, deepest portion of curve 
about Y&”. 

Pieces in duplicate. 

Cut out. Cut pieces of flannel and sew as before. 


46 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 13a SLANTING TRAY 

4" Equilateral Triangle, light lines. 

Continue sides a distance of 1". 

Connect by heavy lines. 

Draw heavy lines for corners. 

Cut out on heavy lines. 

Fold on light lines and sew. 



48 









































Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Eland Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 13b TRIANGULAR TRAY 

Triangle as before—light lines. Erect perpendiculars at 
ends of lines. Mark off i" on each perpendicular. Connect 
points, heavy lines, and draw heavy lines for corners. Cut on 
heavy lines and fold on light lines. Sew. 



50 



























































Paper and Card Board Construction 












Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 14 CIRCULAR PHOTO FRAHE 

MATERIAL — cover paper. 

Draw concentric circles, radii i * 4 " and 3" (or any length 
desired). In cutting out inner circle insert the scissors from 
under side of paper. For back—construct rectangle 4 Y\ x 4^2". 
Draw margin on one long and two short sides, leaving 4" 
square in center. Cut off corners at intersection or marginal 
lines at angle of 45°. Fold and paste margins and adjust to 
back of frame. 


52 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 15 COURTPLASTER CASE 

MATERIAL — cover paper 

Construct rectangle 5" x 6". Draw lines 2" from each end 
and 1" from each side. Two methods are given for laps on 
ends of middle section, (a) draw semi-circle, radius 1", (b) 
find point y 2 " in and draw lines cutting off corners. Divide 
3" space on one end into three equal parts, making middle 
division a full line. Draw lines 1" long at right angles to ends 
of this line. Connect ends of lines last drawn with points on 
margin lines y 2 " above corners o ; f inner rectangle. Draw 
center line lengthwise in lower rectangle. Divide into three 
1" spaces cutting slit in middle inch. Cut on outline, score on 
light lines. Fold end laps over rectangle. Slip tab through 
slit to fasten. 


54 


• Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 16a SCALLOPED TRAY 

Dotted square 7" x 7". 

Place points to right and left of corners on lines drawn, and 
construct square 3" x 3" using light lines. 

Continue lines forming small square 1 Y\" and join ends by 
light lines. 

Find centers of lines last drawn and bisect each half. With 
the points found as centers and radii of ^4" describe semi-circles 
as shown. 

Cut out, score and fold, and sew corners to form tray. 


56 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 16b SCALLOPED TRAY 

Dotted square 7 ^ 4 " x 724 ". Inner square, light lines, 6" x 6". 
Small inner square 3 * 4 " x 3*4". 

Continue lines forming small square ij 4 "—heavy lines. 

With centers of sides of inner square as centers and radii 
equal to distance to corners of second square, describe arcs, 
heavy lines. Cut out, score, fold and sew. 



58 






























Paper and Card Board Construction 



59 

























Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 17 BUTTON BOX 

MATERIAL — stiff Bristol 

Draw circle, radius 5". Draw 2 diameters at right angles to 
each other. Find points on each diameter i l / 2 " from center and 
connect to form a square base. Find points on circumference 
iy 2 " on each side of diameter. Connect these points with 
corners of base. Cut out on heavy lines, score and fold light 
lines. Punch holes 1" apart as in drawing, and lace. 


60 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 18a LETTER CASE 

Square 9" X9". 

Diagonals and diameters. 

Diagonals of two upper squares. 

Line parallel to base 2^" above. 

Place points 1" in on each end of line last drawn. 

Points on long diagonals in upper squares and 1" below 
short diagonals. 

Point 1 Y\” below top and on diameter. 

Draw in figure free hand as shown. 

Cut out and fold. 

Punch holes and tie with ribbon. 



62 
















































































Paper and Card Board Construction 



63 























Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part 11 


No - LETTER CASE 

Rectangle y 1 /^' x 12^". 

Light line parallel to short sides and M/i" above bottom. 
Long diameter, dotted line. Dotted lines parallel to short 
sides and y" below top. Draw arcs as shown with centers 1 *4" 
from ends of line and on diameter. With corners of rectangle 
as centers and radii of 1" describe arcs. Cut out, fold, punch 
holes and tie. Punch hole for hanging. 



64 














Paper and Card Board Construction 
























Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 19a PICTURE FRAflE 

Rectangle 4" x 22"—heavy lines. Divide by light lines into 
four equal parts, 4" x 5 / 4 Dotted diameters in end rectan¬ 
gles. Make full lines i l / 2 " each side of center. Cut out figure. 

Slit heavy lines in end rectangle. Score light lines. Use 
pencil and roll back cuts from centers. Fold and sew, or tie 
with ribbon. 



66 





Paper and Card Board Construction 




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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No 19b PICTURE FRAHE 

MATERIAL — cover paper 

Construct rectangle M/2" x 12". Find middle points on long 
sides and connect. Draw diagonals in one M/2" x 6" rectangle. 
Measure 1 from each end of each diagonal and place point. 
Begin at center and cut on diagonals to points. Roll corners 
back over cylindrical pencil. For standard, cut paper 2" x 6". 
Fold lengthwise and paste within fold to stiffen. Fold frame 
on center line and tie standard to open end. 


68 


Paper and Card Board Construction 




69 




















Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


1No - A) BON BON BOX 

Square—8" x 8". 

Inner square—5" x 5". 

Inner square—3" x 3". 

Diameters of large figure. Connect ends of inner square 
with ends of diameters, to form triangles. Make these lines 
heavy and cut out. Fold on light lines and sew. 








70 










Paper and Card Board Construction 
















Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No - 21 HATCH STRIKE 

Rectangle 2>4"x 5". Lines parallel to short sides and y 2 " 
inside them. Long diameter of rectangle. Place points 1" 
above and below short sides of rectangle on line last drawn. 

Describe arcs with these points as centers and radii of 1". 

Outline figure in heavy lines. Cut out. Cut piece of sand 
papei 1 x 3 , and paste in center of figure. Affix hanger. 


72 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



*- Zi - 


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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 22 HANDKERCHIEF BOX 

MATERIAL — Bristol board 

Construct rectangle 9^2 " x 14". Lay out figure as in drawing. 
Cut out on heavy lines. Score and fold on light lines. Paste 
/ 4 " laps on inside of box. To close, slip y 2 " lap inside of box. 


74 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 23 

Rectangle Ij4"x6". Semi-circles at ends, 
Four slits, y 2 " long each, as shown. 

Run in ribbon. 


BOOK HARK 

y A ". Cut out. 


76 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 24 HATCH BOX 

MATERIAL— stiff cover paper or Bristol 

Construct rectangle 3" x 5". Find points on sides one inch 
from upper corners and connect with middle point on upper 
end. Draw line ij 4 " from and parallel to lower line. Con¬ 
struct equilateral triangle on each end of rectangle thus formed. 
Draw y A " lap on upper edge of each equilateral triangle. Cut 
out, score on light lines and paste laps on back. On reverse 
side of fine sand paper construct 2" square. Draw one diagonal. 
Find point yp' from each end of diagonal. Connect points 
with opposite corners of square. Cut out diamond and paste 
to back of box, leaving yy margin at top. 


78 




Paper and Card Board Construction 




79 
















Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part If 


No * 25 HEXAGONAL TRAY 

Dotted circle 4^". 

Inner circle dotted 2 j 4 " 

Diameter of small circle—dotted line. 

With ends of diameter as centers and radius of circle, cut 
circumference on either side diameter. 

Connect points forming hexagon—light lines. 

Erect perpendiculars at ends of sides of hexagon and con¬ 
tinue lines to meet outer circle as shown—heavy. Complete 
rectangles—heavy. Cut out on heavy lines. Punch holes, 
score, fold and tie. 



80 




































Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 26a ENVELOPE 

Rectangle 5" x 14". 

Lines parallel to long sides y 2 " inside them. Cross lines, 6" 
and 2" from upper and lower ends of rectangle respectively. 
Dotted center line connecting short sides. Points on center and 
outside lines as shown. Line in heavy. Cut out. Score and 
fold. Paste laps. 


82 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 26b ENVELOPE 

Rectangle 7 / 4 ” x I2 / / 2.”- Lines parallel to long sides 2" and 
l 3 A" above and below outside lines respectively. Draw small 
rectangles for side laps and complete triangles for top and 
bottom laps. 

Line in heavy, cut out, score and fold. Paste. 


84 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



85 


















Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part 11 


™°- 11 EASEL FRAHE 

Rectangle 5" x 21"—heavy. Divide into thirds by light 
lines. 

Small rectangle inside large center one, 3" x 5", heavy. 

Cut out large rectangle. 

Cut small opening. 

Punch holes, score and fold. Tie frame at top. 



86 

























Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 28 PORTFOLIO 

Rectangle—dotted 1i" x 17". 

Lines parallel to long sides inside them. 

Cross lines—light, 7" and 3" from lower and upper ends of 
rectangle respectively. Draw corners iV 2 " as shown and tri¬ 
angle at top with 8" base. 

Cut out. Cut slits long and y 2 ” apart in center of each 
rectangle as shown. Score and fold. Run in ribbon or tape. 



88 
























































































Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 29 POCKET NOTE BOOK 

Rectangle 6" x 6 j 4 ". 

Light lines parallel to both long and short sides and 
inside them. 

Center line, connecting long sides—light. 

Heavy lines at corners and line in. 

Cut out, score and fold. 

Cut rectangle 2^4" x 5 * 4 "—same material. 

Place over left hand rectangle and paste laps. 

Cut several pieces of note paper and fold so as to fit into 
book for leaves. 

Instead of making rectangles for pockets, the sides may be 
extended 2^" in place of the laps, and folded and pasted 
with the end laps inside. 


90 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 30 BOOK HARK 

Square 2%''—dotted. 

Dotted center lines connecting sides. 

Diagonals of upper squares. 

Free hand curves as shown. 

Light line long and below and parallel to upper side 
of square. Length of line equal on either side of center. 

Connect ends by heavy line with point y 2 " from lower edge 
of square and on center line. 

Cut out figure and long sides of triangle. 

Score short side of triangle. 

By omitting the triangle in the center the drawing is 
simplified and the model may be given earlier in the course. 


92 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part h 


No. 31 HANDLED BASKET 

Rectangle 6" x J 1 /*". 

Inner rectangle 2^" x 4 yy. 

Continue sides of inner rectangle to outer lines. Diagonals 
of small corner squares as shown. 

With corners of inner rectangle as centers describe arcs 1^5" 
radii—heavy lines. 

Line in remainder of figure heavy. Cut out. 

Cut slits y 2 ” long, parallel to long sides and in center of 
rectangle as shown. 

Strip y 2 "x 11 y for handle. Score and fold. Paste handle. 



94 








Paper and Card Board Construction 



1 


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i 


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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No - 32a SQUARE BOX AND COVER 

Square 6" x 6". 

Inner square 4" x 4". 

Cut out corners leaving laps Y\" wide. 

Cut out, score and fold. 

Paste, 

Cover made in same way. Square 5 y 2 " deep. Cut out. 
score and fold and paste. 


96 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 32b TRIANGULAR BOX AND COVER 

Equilateral triangle 4%". 

Erect perpendiculars from each corner and form rectangles 
on each side 1" x 4^". 

Laps wide. 

Line in heavy, cut out, score, fold and paste. 

COVER 

Equilateral triangle 4p4". Sides of cover deep. 
Construct as before. 





























































































Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 33 HAGAZINE COVERS 

MATERIAL — heavy cover paper 

Construct rectangle 123/2" x 19". Draw inner lines as in 
drawing. All curves freehand, to be varied to suit the taste 
of the worker. Paste y 2 " lap on inside. Paste broad lap at 
corners. Dimensions may be varied to suit the size of any 
particular magazine for which the cover is designed. The 
outside may be lettered or ornamented with some artistic 
design. 


TOO 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



IOI 


«w- _ 












































Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 34 


OCTAGONAL BOX 


MATERIAL— stiff cover or Bristol 

Draw concentric circles, radii 2", 3 y 2 " and 4". Draw two 
diameters at right angles to each other within inner circle. 
Bisect two adjacent right angles and draw two additional 
diameters, dividing circle into eight equal parts. Connect ends 
of diameters to form octagon. Erect perpendiculars extending 
to outer circle at either end of each side of octagon. Draw 
light lines connecting points on 7" circle crossed by perpen¬ 
diculars. Find points on outer circle y$" within space between 
perpendiculars and connect with ends o : f light lines. Punch 
holes on sides and lace or draw Y" Dp on one edge of each 
side of box and paste. 


102 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



103 




Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 35 TWINE HOLDER 

Semi-circle 5" radius. 

Divide into equilateral triangles by cutting circle as pre¬ 
viously done, and connecting points. 

Draw in heavy, cut out, score, fold and paste. 

Punch holes and tie with ribbon. 



104 














































































































Paper and Card Board Construction 



105 









Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 36a PENCIL VASE 

Square 8^4" x 8 y 2 ". 

Inner square M/ 2 " x 3 j 4 ". 

Continue sides of inner square i" and connect ends of lines. 
Continue lines as before i". 

Place points y 2 ' inside from either end of each line. 

Line in heavy as shown and cut out. 

Score and fold on light lines. Sew. 



106 




































Paper arid Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 36b FANCY BOX 

Three concentric circles, 2*4", 3and 5" radius, respectively 
—dotted lines. 

Cut inner circle with radius from ends of diameters and 
connect to form hexagon. 

W ith ends of these lines as centers and compasses open 
more than half length of line, describe arcs cutting each other 
above and below. 

Connect points by straight line, thus bisecting each side. 

Draw lines to outer circle and complete triangles,—heavy 
lines. 

Connect points of intersection of latter lines with middle 
circle by light lines. 

Cut out, score, fold and sew. 



108 

















































Paper and Card Board Construction 



109 





Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 37 CARD RECEIVER 

Circle, heavy line, 4" radius. 

Dotted, inner circle, 2 .y 2 " radius. 

Construct hexagon. 

Lines from center through points o ! f hexagon to outer circle. 
Place points on outer circle y A " each side of lines drawn. 

Draw in two sides of triangles,—heavy. Cut out. 

Cut slits as shown. Score, fold and run in ribbon and tie. 



IIO 








































































Paper and Card Board Construction 



hi 








Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 38 POST CARD BOX 

Rectangle yy" x \o]/ 2 ". 

Dotted line parallel to long sides i" below upper edge. 

Light lines parallel to short sides i" and 5" from left edge 
and y 2 " and 4 y 2 " from right edge. 

Rectangle for bottom i"x4" as shown. 

Outline for laps y 2 '' —heavy. 

Free hand curves for top as shown. Cut out, score, fold 
and paste. 

Rectangle for base—heavy material 2^" x 5 y 2 ". 

Paste to bottom of box. 













































Paper and Card Board Construction 




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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 39 MATCH BRACKET 

Rectangle 33/2" x 4". 

Find centers of sides, open compasses ^ 4 " and describe semi¬ 
circles outside rectangle. Cut out. 

Paste upon larger piece of material of another color, so as 
to harmonize. 

With same centers as before describe arcs with radii of 1" 
and complete figure y larger on each side of inner piece. 
Cut out. 

BOX — Rectangle 2" x 5 ^ 4 ", color o‘f inner or outer piece of 
back. 

Light lines parallel to short sides, J 4 " from left and 2" from 
right hand side. 

Use point on lower line and l" from left hand corner as 
center and describe semi-circle below line, 1" radius,—heavy 
line. 

Dotted line below lower line and draw triangles, heavy, 
as shown. 

Cut out, score, fold and paste. 

Paste box to back. 

Paste piece of sand paper above or below box. 


Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Part II 



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Paper and Card Board Construction 


BOX 


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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 40 HEXAGONAL BOX AND COVER 

Dotted circle 5 y 2 " radius. 

Dotted inner circle 2^" radius. 

Dotted diameter of inner circle and construct hexagon. 

Erect perpendiculars and complete rectangles. Laps 
Line in heavy, cut out, score and fold. Paste laps. 

COVER —Circle 3 $/%" radius, cover to be 1" deep. 

Proceed as before. 



118 












































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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 41 WORK BASKET 

ALTERNATIVE FOR 34 OR 40 

Circle—4" radius. 

Inner circle 2" radius. 

Dotted diameter of inner circle. Construct hexagon. 

Erect perpendiculars and complete rectangles. 

Cut out, score, fold and sew. 

POCKETS — Six equilateral triangles of same material, 4". 
Divide each one into four equal triangles—2". 

Cut out, score and fold and sew. Fold one side of pocket 
into tray and paste. 



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Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 42 CUBICAL CHANGE BOX 

Dotted rectangle yy 2 " x io". 

Divide into 2^2" squares. 

Line in six squares, forming cross. 

Laps yy wide. 

Cut slit for change diagonally across end square. 

Cut out, score, ’fold and paste. 

Tie cord around box until dry. 















































Paper and Card Board Construction 





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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 43 WOVEN BASKET 

Dotted rectangle 8"x io". 

Inner rectangle, light lines, 3" x 5". 

Continue sides -of inner rectangle to outer lines—heavy. 

Connect ends of lines last drawn, completing rectangles,— 
heavy. 

Draw lines as shown y 2 " apart to outer lines. 

Cut out and slit on lines last drawn. Score and fold. 

Cut three strips y 2 '' wide and of another color to harmonize. 

Beginning at bottom, paste one end of strip and weave in 
and out around basket. Paste end when finished. 

Bend over upper ends of strips in basket y 2 " as shown. 



12 4 



















































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Paper and Card Board Construction 


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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 44 SLIDING BOX 

Rectangle 4" x 10''. 

Inner rectangle 2" x 8". 

Cut on heavy lines, score, fold and paste laps at corners. 

COVER — Rectangle 7 5 / 16 " x 8 1 / 16 ". 

Light lines parallel to long sides of rectangle iy i6 " inside 
them. 

Light lines parallel as before 2 X / X ” inside those last drawn. 
Cut out, score, fold and paste lap. 



126 










































































































Paper and Card Board Construction 



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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part 11 


No. 45 FAN 

Semi-circle 9" radius, heavy line. 

Circle 5^2" radius. 

Line connecting ends of semi-circle. 

Line in heavy lower half of 5 y 2 " circle. 

Cut out figure as shown in plan. 

Score on diameter; fold over and paste. 

Divide outer circle into number of parts desired for folds in 
fan and draw lines to center. 

Draw semi-circle 2 ]/ 2 " radius and cut out figure. 

Dotted semi-circle 5^" radius. Lines as indicated and cut 
out slits. Punch holes at ends of folds and run in ribbon. 

By using two different materials a most pleasing effect may 
be obtained. 


















Paper and Card Board Construction 



129 








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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 46 PENTAGONAL BOX 

MATERIAL —stiff cover paper or Bristol board. 

TO' CONSTRUCT PENTAGON—Draw circle, radius 3" 
(or any desired length). Draw one diameter a-b. Bisect radius 
to find point c. With radius c-b and center at a, cut the circle 
at d. The line c-d equals one side of the pentagon. Lay off 
sides of pentagon on circle and connect points. With the 
pentagon as base, the box may be completed according to 
directions given for fancy box (36a) or Nos. 25, 37 or 40. 


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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 47 


TRIPLE FRAME 


MATERIAL — stiff cover paper. 

Construct rectangle 9"xi2". Lay out inner lines as in 
drawing. Three suggestions are given as to the shape of the 
opening. To construct the first elipse draw a rectangle i" x 2" 
in the center of each 4" x 5" rectangle. Draw the short diameter 
and draw diagonals in each of the two squares thus formed. 
The radius for side or long curve of elipse equals the diagonal, 
with center at its inner end. Radius for short curve is one-half 
of diagonal with center at center of square. 

Second Method of Constructing Elipse—Draw one long 
diameter in each 4" x 5" rectangle. Draw circle, radius 1", 
center on diameter and y 2 " above its center. Draw second 
circle, radius 1", center on diameter R2" below its center, or at 
a point cut by first circle. Draw diameters to circles as shown 
and complete elipse. The construction may be simplified by 
using rectangular opening or the one given for No. 19b. 


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Educative Hand Work Manuals 


Part II 


No. 48 CYLINDRICAL BOX 

MATERIAL — pliable Bristol 

Construct rectangle 2 }i" XI3". Draw margin y 8 wide 
along one long side. Lay off points YY as shown. Paste ends 
together lapping them y 8 . Fold pointed laps and paste on 
inside. Cut circular piece 4" in diameter and paste on inside of 
box so that pointed laps will be on bottom. Cut circular piece 
4 /4" i n diameter and paste on bottom allowing jfi" margin to 
extend all around. To make cover, repeat process making band 
YE' instead of 2" wide. Make circular piece for inside 4 1 / 16 " in 
diameter and adjust lap to fit. 


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